Heathrow Airport - Wikipedia. Heathrow Airport (also known as London Heathrow)[2] (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL) is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom. Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic (surpassed by Dubai International in 2. Europe by passenger traffic, and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic.

In 2. 01. 6, it handled a record 7. Heathrow lies 1. 4 miles (2. Central London,[3] and has two parallel east–west runways along with four operational terminals on a site that covers 1. The airport is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings, which itself is owned by FGP Top. Co Limited, an international consortium led by Ferrovial that also includes Qatar Holding LLC, Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, Government of Singapore Investment Corporation, Alinda Capital Partners, China Investment Corporation and Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS).[4] London Heathrow is the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating base for Virgin Atlantic. In September 2. 01. UK government established the Airports Commission, an independent commission chaired by Sir Howard Davies to examine various options for increasing capacity at UK airports.

In July 2. 01. 5, the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow and the government approved a third runway in October 2. Location[edit]Heathrow is 1. London,[3] near the south end of the London Borough of Hillingdon on a parcel of land that is designated part of the Metropolitan Green Belt. The airport is surrounded by the built- up areas of Harlington, Harmondsworth, Longford and Cranford to the north and by Hounslow and Hatton to the east. To the south lie Bedfont and Stanwell while to the west Heathrow is separated from Slough in Berkshire by the M2. Heathrow falls entirely under the TW postcode area.

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As the airport is west of London and as its runways run east–west, an airliner's landing approach is usually directly over the conurbation of London when the wind is from the west. Along with Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, Southend and London City, Heathrow is one of six airports with scheduled services serving the London area, although only Heathrow and London City are within Greater London.

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History[edit]. Aerial photo of Heathrow Airport from the 1. For a chronicled history of Heathrow Airport, see History of Heathrow Airport.

Heathrow Airport originated in 1. Great West Aerodrome) on land south- east of the hamlet of Heathrow from which the airport takes its name. At that time there were farms, market gardens and orchards there: there was a "Heathrow Farm" about where Terminal 1 is now, a "Heathrow Hall" and a "Heathrow House". Watch Hounds Of Love Online Metacritic. This hamlet was largely along a country lane (Heathrow Road) which ran roughly along the east and south edges of the present central terminals area. Development of the whole Heathrow area as a very much larger airport began in 1.

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Far East. But by the time the airfield was nearing completion, World War II had ended. The government continued to develop the airport as a civil airport; it opened as London Airport in 1. Heathrow Airport in 1. The masterplan[clarification needed] for the airport was designed by Sir Frederick Gibberd, who designed the original terminals and central area buildings, including the original control tower and the multi- faith chapel of St George's. Operations[edit]Facilities[edit]. Four aircraft on the approach to Heathrow runway 0. LHeathrow Airport is used by over 8.

The airport is the primary hub of British Airways and is a base for Virgin Atlantic. It has four passenger terminals (numbered 2 to 5) and a cargo terminal. Of Heathrow's 7. 3. UK.[9] The busiest single destination in passenger numbers is New York, with over 3 million passengers flying between Heathrow and JFK Airport in 2. In the 1. 95. 0s, Heathrow had six runways, arranged in three pairs at different angles in the shape of a hexagram (✡) with the permanent passenger terminal in the middle and the older terminal along the north edge of the field; two of its runways would always be within 3. As the required length for runways has grown, Heathrow now has only two parallel runways running east–west.

These are extended versions of the two east–west runways from the original hexagram. From the air, almost all of the original runways can still be seen, incorporated into the present system of taxiways. North of the northern runway and the former taxiway and aprons, now the site of extensive car parks, is the entrance to the access tunnel and the site of Heathrow's unofficial "gate guardian". For many years the home of a 4. British Airways Concorde, G- CONC, the site has been occupied by a model of an Emirates Airbus A3. Heathrow Airport has Anglican, Catholic, Free Church, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and Sikh chaplains.

There is a multi- faith prayer room and counselling room in each terminal, in addition to St. George's Interdenominational Chapel in an underground vault adjacent to the old control tower, where Christian services take place. The chaplains organise and lead prayers at certain times in the prayer room.[1. The airport has its own resident press corps, consisting of six photographers and one TV crew, serving all the major newspapers and television stations around the world.[1. Most of Heathrow's internal roads are initial letter coded by area: N in the north (e. Newall Road), E in the east (e. Elmdon Road), S in the south (e.

Stratford Road), W in the west (e. Walrus Road), C in the centre (e. Camborne Road). Flight movements[edit]Aircraft destined for Heathrow are usually routed over one of four main reporting points: Bovingdon(BNN) in Hertfordshire, Lambourne (LAM) in Essex, Biggin Hill (BIG) in Bromley and Ockham (OCK) in Surrey.[1.

Each is defined by a VOR radio- navigational beacon. When the airport is busy, aircraft orbit in the associated hold patterns.

These holding areas lie to the northwest, northeast, southeast and southwest of the London conurbation. Aircraft hold between 7,0. If these holds become full, aircraft are held at more distant points before being cleared onward to one of the four main holds. Air traffic controllers at Heathrow Approach Control (based in Swanwick, Hampshire) then guide the aircraft to their final approach, merging aircraft from the four holds into a single stream of traffic, sometimes as close as 2. Considerable use is made of continuous descent approach techniques to minimise the environmental effects of incoming aircraft, particularly at night.[1. Once an aircraft is established on its final approach, control is handed over to Heathrow Tower.

When runway alternation was introduced, aircraft generated significantly more noise on departure than when landing, so a preference for westerly operations during daylight was introduced, which continues to this day.[1. In this mode, aircraft depart towards the west and approach from the east over London, thereby minimising the impact of noise on the most densely populated areas. Heathrow's two runways generally operate in segregated mode, whereby arriving aircraft are allocated to one runway and departing aircraft to the other.

To further reduce noise nuisance to people beneath the approach and departure routes, the use of runways 2. R and 2. 7L is swapped at 1. When landings are easterly there is no alternation; 0. L remains the landing runway and 0. R the departure runway due to the legacy of the now rescinded Cranford Agreement, pending taxiway works to allow the roles to be reversed.